The Sanitation, Water Supply and Sewage Disposal of Country Houses by William Paul Gerhard

Author:William Paul Gerhard
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
Publisher: D. Van Nostrand Company

Hydraulic Rams. — The force of running water is utilized in hydraulic rams for the lifting of water to a height greater than that of the source of the supply for the ram. Wherever there is a volume of flowing water ample at all times to run a ram, this is one of the most useful, cheap, economical and satisfactory motors for lifting water. A ram requires but very little attendance and hardly any care or expense in maintenance. It operates automatically and occupies a field entirely by itself.

The ram is set up in an underground pit located at a suitable distance below the source of supply; the fall required to operate a ram may be as little as 18 inches. The existing conditions as to fall and length of drive pipe must be first carefully studied out, for they govern the location of the ram, its size, and the dimensions of the drive and the discharge pipes. Hydraulic rams are made in many sizes and capacities, the smallest supplying about 500 gallons, and the largest up to 500,000 gallons in 24 hours. They will elevate water to a height from five to several hundred feet. Sometimes several rams are set to work in batteries, with separate drive pipes, but with a common discharge pipe (see Fig. 34). The improved forms of rams, or hydraulic engines, shown in Fig. 15 and also in Fig. 34 are much more efficient than the old forms and develop an efficiency of from 70 to 80 per cent. These types have adjustable valve mechanisms which can be readily regulated so as to secure the best working conditions. Double-acting rams are also manufactured, which use an impure source of water to pump a pure supply.

Water Wheels. — If running water exists in sufficient quantity, water may be pumped by utilizing the power of falling water either in water wheels or in turbines (see Figs. 16 and 17). Hydraulic power is economical when we consider the running expenses only, for these may be

Download

Copyright Disclaimer:
This site does not store any files on its server. We only index and link to content provided by other sites. Please contact the content providers to delete copyright contents if any and email us, we'll remove relevant links or contents immediately.